Effect of an 8-week hot spring water exercise program on body composition, knee isokinetic muscle function, range of motion, and the Korean Western Ontario and Mcmaster Universities index in middle-age females with osteoarthritis in Republic of Korea: experiment study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of applying the hot spring water exercise for 8 weeks to middle-aged females with knee osteoarthritis.Methods: To investigate this, body composition, isokinetic muscle function, and the knee flexion angle K-WOMAC were evaluated before and after the 8-week hot spring water exercise program and analyzed using a mixed-design two-way ANOVA.After analysis, if a significant difference was observed, the Bonferroni method was used as a post hoc method, and the following results were obtained.Results: First, among the body composition parameters, the body fat percentage showed a statistically significant reduction after the 8-week hot spring water exercise program in the exercise group (EG) (p = .031).However, there was no significant difference in body weight, muscle mass, body fat mass, and body mass index.Among the isokinetic muscle functions, the peak torque (p = .003,p = .001)and total work (p = .003,p = .003) of the flexion and extension movements, and the average power (p = .007) of the flexion movement significantly increased in the EG, while the average power of the extension movement did not change.The range of joint motion significantly increased after the exercise.The K-WOMAC index significantly decreased after the exercise.Conclusion: Thus, the 8-week aquatic exercise program utilizing hot springs improved knee extension and flexion muscle strength.Hence, it is believed that it can be used as an interventional therapy for low back pain in the elderly and for obese people who have difficulty with land-based exercises.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".