Hand cooling induces changes in the kinetics of oxygen uptake
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to assess the impact of elevated catecholamine concentrations, induced through cold-water hand immersion, on the oxygen consumption (V̇O 2 ) kinetics during intense exercise, and to contrast this effect with that of the priming effect. Ten active participants underwent three 8-minute constant work rate exercises (CWR) at ∆25%, with one CWR preceded by hand cooling (2 min at 0 °C, HC) and two consecutive CWR to induced priming effect on the second bout (SB). Pulmonary gas exchange and blood samples were analyzed to measure levels of epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE). Results demonstrated a significant increase in the primary phase amplitude of V̇O 2 kinetics in response to both hand HC (33.9 mL.min −1 .kg −1 ; CI [32.2;35.7], p < 0.001) and SB (34.6 mL.min −1 .kg −1 ; CI [33.0;36.3], p < 0.001) relative to the control (32.7 mL.min −1 .kg −1 ; CI [31.5;35.1]). Additionally, the amplitude of the V̇O 2 slow component was reduced for both HC (3.2 mL.min −1 .kg −1 ; CI [2.2;4.1], p = 0.018) and SB (2.9 mL.min −1 .kg −1 ; CI [1.8;4.2], p = 0.009) in comparison to control (3.9 mL.min −1 .kg −1 ; CI [2.9;4.2]). These findings suggest that the increase in E and NE induced by hand cooling prior to exercise modifies V̇O 2 kinetics in a manner akin to the priming effect. This research underscores the potential role of catecholamines in facilitating the priming effect and its subsequent impact on V̇O 2 kinetics. However, further studies are necessary to clearly establish this link.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".