Foredune-ridge development along an urban pocket beach, Montrose Dunes Natural Area, southwestern Lake Michigan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While foredune geomorphology has been studied along many Great Lakes coastlines, little attention has been given to the development and evolution of foredune ridges along engineered ‘pocket’ beaches, which are common along many urban lakefronts of the region. This paper reports on the recent morphodynamics of Montrose Beach, the largest of Chicago’s engineered coastal embayments, with emphasis on its ‘Dunes Natural Area.’ A post-2020 period of beach recovery occurred after 2013–2020 lake-level rise of >1.5 m, which was accompanied by shoreline recession and overwash-induced backshore accretion. The influx of sand into the urban embayment during this time facilitated post-2020 beach recovery with lake-level fall. This phase of beach expansion was marked by the formation of three distinct, parallel berm lines that have become vegetated and functioned as focal points for eolian accretion. Undisturbed by grooming and other beach-management activities, the Dunes Natural Area continues to be influenced by lake-level changes and storms. Vegetative establishment and eolian sand trapping, upon disconnect from active reworking along the shoreline, have increased the expression of linear topographic highs. Seasonal ridgelines along natural beach environments, including barrier spits, tend to undergo reworking prior to such stabilization. Insights from Montrose Beach provide coastal managers with up-to-date information on important geomorphic developments at Chicago’s most popular beach destination, whose Dunes Natural Area provides habitat for the endangered Great Lakes piping plover. Understanding its geomorphic trajectory can help inform coastal resiliency planning, here and elsewhere, to protect valuable ecosystems and infrastructure within the urban coastal landscape.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".