Charles Bonnet Syndrome Following a Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) describes the presence of hallucinations in patients with poor or deteriorating vision. The physician awareness of CBS is low, despite reporting of CBS hallucinations occurring in a range of ocular and central nervous system conditions. Following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), patients can experience visual or oculomotor dysfunction. As such, it is possible that CBS might present following mTBI. An adult male suffered an mTBI and whiplash injury following a motor vehicle accident. He developed persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS) including headaches and vestibular and visual disturbances. He reported experiencing visual hallucinations eight months post-mTBI and was diagnosed with CBS. Interventions for PPCS and hallucinations have persisted for five years. The treatment options for CBS are limited and the patient's PPCS made participating in visual therapy challenging. Physicians assessing patients following mTBI should be aware of CBS and should take PPCS into consideration when recommending treatments for CBS.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".