A Five-Year Study of the Ground-Dwelling Beetles (Coleoptera) from a Grassland and an Adjacent Woods in Southern Québec (Canada)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present results of the first long-term study on spatiotemporal variations in the composition and structure of ground-dwelling beetle assemblages from a grassland and adjacent woods in eastern Canada. It is the third part of an investigation on the beetle biodiversity using diverse methods between 2006 and 2012. During the entire snow-free season (April/May to October) in 2006–2010, we collected by pitfall trapping 67694 individuals representing 386 Coleoptera species and morphospecies belonging to 35 families in southern Québec. Adventive species represented at least 51.9% of individuals. Carabidae and Staphylinidae were the most abundant families and had the highest species richness in all seven pitfall trap lines (two lines in a grassland, one line at the edge of the woods, two lines in the woods, and two lines near a ditch parallel to the woods). We did not detect a trend in annual variations of total catches and species richness in each pitfall trap line. A large part of the species (42.2%) occurred as singletons or doubletons over all sampling months. We collected at least 100 individuals for 50 species, including four eudominant species: Tachinus limbatus Melsheimer (14.0% of the total catches), Pterostichus melanarius (Illiger) (10.5%), Drusilla canaliculata (Fabricius) (9.6%) and Anotylus rugosus (Fabricius) (5.3%). Over all sampling years, between 49 and 63% of species from one pitfall trap line were sporadically collected (i.e., during one to three months only over five years), whereas only a few species were active during at least 26 months over all the 33 sampling months in each pitfall trap line. Fourteen species were dominant in at least one pitfall trap line; we observed strong year-to-year fluctuations in the relative abundance of dominant and subdominant species in each line, and spatiotemporal variations of each of these species. We determined the sex-ratio for 42 abundant species, including 17 species with a female biased sex-ratio, and 13 species with a predominance of males. Adults of the most abundant species were mostly macropterous (73% of catches), and we discuss on their dispersal power by flight.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".