Dynamic spectroscopic and optical characterization and modeling of bovine serum albumin corona during interaction with <i>N</i>-hydroxysulfo-succinimide-covalently functionalized gold nanourchins
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, bovine serum albumin (BSA) is used as a globular protein model to examine the conformational changes that occur during the interaction of BSA with N-hydroxysulfo-succinimide (sodium salt)-functionalized gold nanourchins (GNUs), for which dynamic spectroscopic techniques are employed. The results showed that the absorbance of phosphate-buffered saline-BSA at 278 nm decreased when a GNU was added to the solution due to adsorption, and it decreased further when the GNU was increased. The intensity and width of the peak of local surface plasmon resonance increased, indicating the effect of corona formation. Dynamic UV-vis spectroscopy and scattering revealed a nonlinear behavior of BSA-GNU interaction. The bioplasmonic solution resulted in higher transmission and scattering than the BSA solution. Fourier transform-near-infrared spectra exhibited several bands due to overtones and combinations of the amide group and different proportions of α-helix and β-sheet components in BSA before and after the addition of the GNU. Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated an initial increase in blueshifted emission, followed by a redshifted quenching of two major peaks of Tyr and tryptophan (Trp). The binding and dissociation constants were determined as Kb = 2.17 × 1010 M-1 and Kd = 4.6 × 10-11, respectively, using the Stern-Volmer relation. Both the dynamic CMOS-based imaging and the cadmium sulfide sensors demonstrated a nonlinear response of bioplasmonic solution. By increasing the GNU, the resistance of the solution decreased in the order of A > S1 > S3, where S3 exhibited the highest initial transmission with a longer desorption time. MATLAB modeling showed 80% surface coverage by the protein in 15 s at 0.05M, equivalent to a thickness of 1.7 nm, which was in agreement with the value determined by using the Stokes-Einstein relation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it