Small granivores remove the seeds of 25 plant species at similarly high rates in an old-field plant community
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plant species vary in the number, size, and character of seeds produced; consequently, there is considerable reason for granivores to differentially target the seeds of some species, impacting plant species abundance and coexistence. In an old-field plant community, we set out trays of seeds for 25 plant species to test for the influence of plant species identity, seed size, native status, and time across the growing season on granivory (i.e., seed removal rates). Most seeds (83%), regardless of species identity, were removed by granivores, and removal rates were higher earlier in the growing season. Forb seeds were removed at slightly higher rates than graminoid seeds (∼4% more seeds removed, on average), but seed removal rates were not influenced by seed size or plant native status. Seed removal rate differed for only 4% of plant species pairs and these differences were small (∼3 out of 20 seeds). Seed removal per plant species was not associated with the field abundance of that plant species. Similarly high removal rates of differently sized seeds suggest that several granivore guilds with different size preferences are present in the community. Temporal variation in removal rates suggests a strong influence of seed availability on granivore behaviour.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".