Relationship of Pulmonary Vascular Structure and Function With Exercise Capacity in Health and COPD
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Although it is generally accepted that aerobic exercise training does not change lung structure or function, some work suggests that greater pulmonary vascular structure and function are associated with higher exercise capacity (peak rate of oxygen consumption [ V ˙ o 2 peak]). Research Question Is there a cross-sectional association between the pulmonary vasculature and V ˙ o 2 peak? We hypothesized that those with higher CT blood vessel volumes and pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (Dlco) would have higher V ˙ o 2 peak, independent of airflow limitation. Study Design and Methods Participants from the Canadian Cohort Obstructive Lung Disease (CanCOLD) study were categorized as follows: participants with normal spirometry who had never smoked (n = 263), participants with normal spirometry who had ever smoked (n = 407), and COPD: individuals with spirometric airflow obstruction (n = 334). Total vessel volume (TVV), volume for vessels < 5 mm 2 in cross-sectional area (BV5), and volume for vessels between 5 and 10 mm 2 in cross-sectional area (BV5-10) were generated from CT scans and used as indices of pulmonary vascular structure. Dlco was used as an index of pulmonary microvascular function. V ˙ o 2 peak was evaluated via incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Results General linear regression models revealed that even after controlling for FEV 1 , emphysema severity, and body morphology, Dlco, TVV, BV5, and BV5-10, were independently associated with V ˙ o 2 peak. Interaction effects were observed between COPD and TVV, BV5, and BV5-10, indicating a weaker association between pulmonary vascular volumes and V ˙ o 2 peak in COPD. Interpretation Our results suggest that pulmonary vascular structure and Dlco are independently associated with V ˙ o 2 peak, regardless of severity of airflow limitation and emphysema, suggesting that these associations are not limited to COPD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".