Pathology of celiac disease: An insight about etiopathogenesis, pathophysiology and histologic diagnosis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is an immune mediated disorder characterized by intolerance to glutens in certain grains like wheat, barley, and rye. The gliadin exposure in susceptible individuals leads to an inflammatory reaction with damage to the small intestinal mucosa with villous blunting, atrophy and ultimate disappearance of intestinal villi. The damaged intestinal villi lead to malabsorption. The development of celiac disease (CD) is determined by both environmental and genetic factors. The gluten in the grains represents an environmental factor. In addition to this environmental factor, CD development involves genetic predisposition as most CD patients possess human leucocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8. The complex interplay of multiple genetic and environmental factors determines the development of CD. Small bowel mucosal biopsies remain gold standard for the diagnosis of CD because of variation in the clinical findings and serologic testing. Histologic examination of small intestine also helps to monitor the course of disease, response to treatment, and in detecting potential complications of celiac disease such as enteropathy associated T-cell lymphoma, adenocarcinoma, and concurrent intestinal diseases. There has been significant development in understanding the pathophysiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of celiac disease. The present review summarizes the important development in CD in last few years with special emphasis on etiopathogenesis, pathophysiology, and pathologic features of CD. Better understanding of these features is not only important for correct diagnosis but also results in better patient management and would pave a way for future research of this overly complex disease characterized by complex interaction of environmental, genetic as well as immunologic mechanisms.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Review About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Not applicable | low |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Review About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Other design | low |
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
The models disagree on parts of this classification; every voice is preserved in the section at the end of the page.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".