Methane emission rate estimates of offshore oil platforms in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Methane (CH4) measurements are needed to better understand emissions from oil and gas activities. While many CH4 measurement studies have been done in Canada, they have not yet examined the reported emission intensities of offshore production, including Hibernia, one of the largest offshore oil facilities globally. For this study, a Twin Otter aircraft was equipped with a Picarro G2210-i gas analyzer and an Aventech wind measurement system to measure CH4 emissions from 3 offshore oil production facilities in Newfoundland and Labrador. Each facility was visited 3 times to account for daily variability. Measured concentrations were used to estimate emission rates and production-weighted CH4 intensities using 2 different methods: Top-down Emission Rate Retrieval Algorithm (TERRA), a mass conservation technique developed by Environment and Climate Change Canada, and a Gaussian Dispersion (GD) method. Estimated emissions ranged between 860 m3 CH4 day−1 and 8,500 m3 CH4 day−1 for TERRA and between 3,400 m3 CH4 day−1 and 9,500 m3 CH4 day−1 for GD, with a weighted average emission rate of all platforms (considering number of samples in each method for each platform) 7,800 m3 CH4 day−1 (5.3 tonnes CH4 day−1), which is comparable to the federally reported estimates of 2,600 m3 CH4 day−1 in 2021 and 8,000 m3 CH4 day−1 reported in 2019. CH4 intensities calculated using measured emission rates and reported oil production in 2021 show that Canadian offshore production ranges from 1.5 × 10−4 to 9.7 × 10−4 MJ emitted/MJ produced, making it among the least CH4-intensive oil produced in Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".