Making the invisible—visible: A phenomenological study of the lived experiences of two-spirit women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis explores the identity of two-spirit women as it relates to historical invisibility resulting from oppression. Three women were selected via snowball sampling for a series of voluntary interviews. These women ranged in age from 23 to 63 years old; two were residents of a large city, while one came from a smaller city. All the women identified as two-spirit, with two of them identifying as Metis and one as First Nations. A phenomenological approach was used while employing an in-depth interviewing process. For each participant, three interviews were conducted to gather information: the first to gather the individual's context; the second to reconstruct the woman's experiences; and the third to allow each woman to reflect on their experience and make meaning of it. The results merged into three focal points of discussion. The first pointed to an area of strategic invisibility where the participants described negotiating within their environments. Another point of discussion led to identifying the two-spirit community as a place that holds knowledge and two-spirit history. The third and final point discussed focused on two-spirit essentialism where the concept of identity is an individualized position. This new knowledge augments the field of social work by providing a thorough context of heteronormativity, racism and heteropatriarchy and its impacts on two-spirit women. Additionally this research provides supportive resources for this triply marginalized group, as this work serves as a tool of decolonization and empowerment. Visibility then becomes the newfound strength as knowledge and awareness is brought to two-spirit women, their allies, and communities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.018 | 0.024 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".