Durability of Laser Endoureterotomy for the Treatment of Benign Ureteral Strictures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: Laser endoureterotomy is a common minimally invasive treatment of ureteral strictures. However, data evaluating the durability of this technique are limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed treatment success rates after laser endoureterotomy for managing benign ureteral strictures. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search identified studies published from January 2000 to December 2023 reporting outcomes of laser endoureterotomy for benign ureteral strictures. Random-effects meta-analysis models calculated treatment success rates at 3 months, 6 months, and annually thereafter until estimates became unreliable (standard error > 10%). Results: Nine studies comprising 308 patients (310 strictures) met eligibility criteria. The methodological quality of the studies was rated as good in 8 studies and fair in 1 study. Strictures were most commonly attributable to stone disease or previous surgery, predominantly located in the proximal (38%) or distal (35%) ureter, with a median length of 10 mm. Holmium laser was used in 98% of cases. Intraoperative complication rates were low (0.9%). The treatment success rate was 84% at 3 months, 74% at 1 year, 70% at 2 years, and 68% at 3 years. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were not overly influenced by any single study, and modest heterogeneity was observed among studies. Conclusions: Minimally invasive laser endoureterotomy is an effective and durable treatment for short benign ureteral strictures, making it a viable alternative to reconstructive surgery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.009 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".