Ismail Berdiyev and the Development of the North Caucasian Muslim Ummah in the Late 20th and the First Quarter of the 21st Century
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction . Religious, in particular Islamic, spiritual leaders play an important role in modern socio-political processes in Russia. In this regard, the figure of interest for the researcher is the chairman of the Coordination Center for Muslims of the North Caucasus, Mufti of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic Ismail-Hadji Berdiyev, who took an active part in religious processes from the late 1980s to the present day. Materials and methods . The source base for this study consists of documents from Soviet and party bodies of the Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Region (KChAO), documents from officials in charge of the religious sphere in the region, as well as press materials. In addition to the basic principles of science, objectivity and historicism, the author used historical-systemic and historical-chronological methods. Results . This article, using the example of Ismail-Hadji Berdiyev, shows that Soviet state-confessional policy, despite the declared atheistic dominant, was distinguished by flexibility and pragmatism. One of the far-sighted decisions was the training of professional Muslim clergy. The consequence of this decision was the formation of a professional corps of spiritual elite, which was able to withstand the threat of religious radicalism and direct the process of religious revival in a constructive direction. Discussion and conclusion . A special feature of this study is the study of the formation of the personality of a major religious figure in the context of political processes taking place in our country and in the international arena. The results of the study are of interest both to researchers dealing with the problems of state-confessional relations in the Soviet and modern periods, and to government bodies implementing state policy in the religious sphere.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".