Incidence and Outcomes of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients Admitted to the Hospital in Canada from 2013 to 2017
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) remains a prominent medical concern worldwide. Epidemiological metrics and trends over time for OHCA cases in Canada are not well-defined. This study evaluated geographical differences in the incidence and outcomes of OHCA patients admitted to hospitals across Canada from 2013 to 2017. Methods This population-based retrospective cohort study included 10,492 non-traumatic OHCA patients aged 2-85 years (66% male) who were admitted to an acute care hospital in any Canadian province or territory (excluding Quebec) between 2013 and 2017. Overall age- and sex-standardized incidence measures (per 100,000 population per year) were calculated through direct standardization to the 2016 Canadian population. Temporal trends in incidence and survival to hospital discharge were evaluated. Results The overall age- and sex-standardized incidence of OHCA patients admitted to the hospital was 8.3 per 100,000 population per year, which did not significantly change from 2013 to 2017 (incidence rate ratio: 1.01, 95% confidence interval: 0.99-1.02). Incidence was highest in British Columbia (9.2), Manitoba (9.0), and Nova Scotia (9.0), and lowest in New Brunswick (6.5), Prince Edward Island (6.8), and Saskatchewan (7.5). The proportion of OHCA patients who survived to hospital discharge was highest in Prince Edward Island (57%) and lowest in Ontario (38%). No significant trend in survival to hospital discharge rates was observed from 2013 (43%) to 2017 (42%; p=0.86). Conclusions The age- and sex-standardized incidence and survival outcomes of OHCA patients admitted to the hospital were stable from 2013 to 2017 in Canada, with considerable variation noted across geographical regions. Introduction
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".