Exploring the Impact of Biochar‐Dolomite Application at Different Pyrolysis Temperatures on Acid Sulfate Soil Properties
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The use of biochar as a soil amendment for acid soil, particularly acid sulfate soil, has garnered significant interest due to its capacity to improve soil properties, which is further accentuated when combined with dolomite. However, the extent to which the magnitude and direction of this effect vary with biochar produced at different pyrolysis temperatures remains uncertain. We conducted an incubation by mixing soil with dolomite and biochar types derived from Melastoma malabathricum (MMBC) and Dicranopteris linearis (DLBC) at three temperatures (300, 500, and 700°C). The incorporation of dolomite with both biochar types led to significant improvements in soil pH, available P, available Fe, exchangeable K, and exchangeable Ca compared to soil amended with dolomite only. These enhancements were likely attributed to the release of alkalinity, which further raised soil pH, as well as the direct dissolution of P, K, and Ca from the biochar. Moreover, the reduced Fe availability was likely due to the complexation of Fe onto surface functional groups of biochar. Furthermore, these improvements surpassed the effect of the initial feedstock and became increasingly pronounced with higher pyrolysis temperatures. However, an antagonistic effect of dolomite and biochar co‐incorporation was observed, particularly in the relative reduction of soil exchangeable Mg with both biochar types, and a decrease in the soil available N with MMBC produced at 300 and 500°C compared to dolomite addition alone, which could be due to the adsorption of Mg and N onto biochar surface. The results indicate that concurrent application of dolomite and biochar can change the acid sulfate soil properties to varying magnitudes and in different directions, largely regulated by the characteristics of biochar as well as the probable interplay with dolomite. Consequently, selecting the appropriate biochar that aligns with the desired soil properties is crucial in managing dolomite‐treated acid sulfate soil.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".