The interactions of deformation twins, zirconium hydrides, and microcracks
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
• In-situ SEM and interrupted tensile experiments are conducted to study the interactions of deformation twins with zirconium hydrides. • The evolution of deformation fields and formation of microcracks are studied using high spatial resolution EBSD, high resolution imaging and CPFE modeling. • It is observed that { 10 1 ¯ 2 } twins nucleate either before or after the nucleation of hydrides’ microcracks. • It is observed that { 11 2 ¯ 1 } twins nucleate after the formation of hydrides’ microcracks. These twins form when microcracks are parallel to the basal planes of HCP neighbouring grains. • Twins can induce large rotations as well as slip bands within zirconium hydrides. One of the main degradation mechanisms of the zirconium alloys used in nuclear reactors is hydrogen embrittlement and the formation of zirconium hydrides. This study focuses on understanding the interactions among deformation twins, hydrides, and the microcracks that form within hydrides. For this purpose, in-situ scanning electron microscopy and interrupted ex-situ tensile experiments were conducted on hydrided zirconium specimens with favorable initial textures for the formation of extension twins. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was used to measure the orientations of the grains located in the specimens’ gauges and map them into a crystal plasticity finite element model to study hydrides and twins interactions. High spatial resolution EBSD and high-resolution imaging were used to follow the formation of microcracks, and twins live. Although the specimens were deformed to a moderate level of applied strain (∼7%), it was observed that two types of twins nucleate, { 10 1 ¯ 2 } and { 11 2 ¯ 1 } . While the former nucleates either before or after the nucleation of microcracks within hydrides, the latter nucleates after the formation of microcracks and grows with them. It is shown that the formation of twins may contribute to crack nucleation, yet the shear energy density on a given slip system within hydrides is the main driving force for crack nucleation. Regardless of hydride interactions with twins, a significant slip activity is recorded within hydrides prior to cracking.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it