The Impacts Of The Oil Industry Development On The Soil Pollution, A Case Study Fula And Jake Oil Fields In Western Kordofan State, Sudan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over the decades, the oil industry's development has had significant impacts on the natural environment, including soil. This study aims to investigate the impact of the development of the oil industry on soil pollution in the Fula and Jake oil fields in West Kordofan, Sudan. To achieve this goal, the study used the results of laboratory tests conducted on soil samples, as well as the observation method, in addition to secondary data and studies related to soil pollution. The results of the study showed the presence of concentrations of hydrocarbons (TPH) with a total of 3044.72 tons of contaminated soil in the Fula field and a total of 15139.72 tons of contaminated soil in the Jake field, exceeding the recommended limit. Concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were also observed in soil samples in the Fula and Jake oil fields. These concentrations exceeded what is recommended by the World Health Organization, the Sudanese authorities, and the US Environmental Protection Agency, which indicates a risk to human health if this contaminated soil interacts with groundwater or surface water during the rainy season. The study recommended the necessity of activating government oversight of oil companies and conducting studies to detect any pollution or health risks that threaten the environment and negatively affect the health of animals, plants, and humans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.015 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".