Post-fire performance of hybrid GFRP-steel reinforced concrete columns
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fire safety requirements and knowledge on the use of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars as an alternative to conventional steel in reinforced concrete structures have been progressively evolving. This study investigates the post-fire axial performance of square GFRP reinforced concrete (RC) columns, addressing a significant gap in current knowledge. Five column specimens of the same cross-section and length were tested, where the main parameters considered are the clear cover depths (40, 50, and 65 mm) and the use of a 40-mm insulation on one column. The columns were subjected to a long 3-hour fire exposure per ASTM E119 standard without sustained loading. The columns were tested upon cooling under concentric axial loading. Despite the notable temperature differences between columns with 40 and 65 mm concrete cover (300 and 500 °C after 3 hours), the post-fire residual axial capacity appeared unaffected. This is primarily attributed to the minimal differences in the retained mechanical properties of GFRP bars at temperatures exceeding 200 °C. The study's findings indicate that GFRP longitudinal bars do not significantly influence the performance of columns in fires. Consequently, future research should focus on columns reinforced with GFRP ties as well. The predicted values of post-fire axial capacity closely match the experimental data for non-insulated columns, indicating a high degree of accuracy. The study provides design recommendations to enhance the fire performance of such elements. The use of insulation results in a substantial reduction of temperature at various depths of the column. Post-fire residual capacities for non-insulated columns were approximately 30 %, whereas insulated columns demonstrated a 60 % residual capacity. • Investigated post-fire axial performance of concrete columns reinforced with longitudinal GFRP. • Tested columns with varying cover depths and insulation after 3-hour ASTM E119 fire exposure. • Found minimal impact of GFRP bars degradation on residual axial capacity of the columns. • Recommended future research on GFRP ties.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it