Application of aluminosilicate residue-based zeolite from lithium extraction in water treatment
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a previous study, the Na-P1 type zeolites were synthesized from aluminosilicate residues using an efficient and cost-effective process, exhibiting an excellent adsorption capacity for Ca 2+ in comparison to commercial zeolites 13X and A. Building upon this, the current study evaluates their performance for the adsorption of various elements, including Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and NH 4 + . The objective was to evaluate the performance of the Na-P1 type zeolites for the adsorption of various elements, including Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , and rare earth elements, with a particular emphasis on the adsorption kinetics and water hardness removal in comparison to commercial zeolite A. The results demonstrated that the Na-P1 zeolite exhibited a satisfactory sorption capacity for Ca 2+ and NH 4 + ions (66 mg/g), while displaying a relatively lower effectiveness for the sorption of Mg 2+ ions (5.6 mg/g). The Langmuir model is particularly well suited to the sorption of Ca 2+ , while the Freundlich model is more appropriate for Mg 2+ . Both models demonstrated satisfactory representation of NH₄ ⁺ sorption. Moreover, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model provides an excellent description of the Ca 2 ⁺ and Mg 2 ⁺ sorption processes, while both models effectively describe the NH₄⁺ adsorption kinetics. Additionally, Na-P1 zeolite was observed to effectively reduce water hardness from 322 to 63 mg CaCO₃/L at temperatures of 10, 20, and 38°C, and to 18 mg/L at 58°C. These findings suggest that Na-P1 zeolite has promising potential for applications as a water softening agent. Regarding metals and rare earths, the Na-P1 zeolite demonstrated noteworthy sorption efficiencies for Cd 2+ (138 mg/g), Ce 3+ (209 mg/g), Cr 3+ (56.2 mg/g), and Cu 2+ (60.5 mg/g). However, it demonstrated lower sorption efficiencies for Co 2+ , Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ and Dy 3+ (below 16 mg/g). The findings illustrate that Na-P1 zeolites are effective for the adsorption of diverse elements, offering a promising avenue for the sustainable transformation of industrial waste into valuable materials for environmental applications. • Zeolite Na-P1 synthesized from aluminosilicate residue was used for water treatment. • Zeolite Na-P1 demonstrated a high affinity for Ca 2+ and NH 4 + sorption. • Zeolite Na-P1 shows promising potential for effective applications as water softening agent. • Zeolite Na-P1 showed notable sorption for: Cd 2+ , Cr 3+ , Cu 2+ and Ce 3+ . .
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it