Patterns of progression in a contemporary cohort of 447 patients with smoldering multiple myeloma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is considered an asymptomatic plasma cell disorder preceding multiple myeloma (MM). The course of SMM disease is heterogenous, largely driven by disease biology and tumor burden [ 1 , 2 ]. Routine clinical surveillance or early treatment, mostly within clinical trials, is thus based on the likelihood of developing a myeloma defining event (MDE) requiring systemic treatment [ 3 ]. Current stratification models for risk of progression include bone marrow plasma cell (BMPC) infiltration, monoclonal (M) protein component, ratio of involved/uninvolved serum free light chains (FLCr), and cytogenetic abnormalities [ 4 , 5 ]. Early systemic treatment of high-risk SMM has shown to improve progression free survival in two trials and overall survival (OS) in one of them [ 6 , 7 ]. However, early treatment of SMM is not considered a standard of care [ 8 , 9 ].
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".