Nutritional, phytochemical, and bioactive prospects of black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) and saskatoon berry (Amelanchier ovalis) grown in the Republic of Kazakhstan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• Chocoberry and saskatoon berry from Kazakhstan were characterized. • They were rich in sugars and organic acids. • 20 phenolics were determined in A. melanocarpa , 25 in A. ovalis . • Hydroethanolic extracts showed antioxidant and antibacterial properties. • The data highlighted the value of these Kazakhstan-originating berries. Berries are consumed worldwide, but recently, they have attracted more attention due to their valuable phytochemical profiles and diverse applications. This study comprehensively characterized the saskatoon berry ( Amelanchier ovalis ) and black chokeberry ( Aronia melanocarpa ) from Kazakhstan, documenting their nutritional, chemical, and bioactive profiles. Nutritional analysis showed proteins at 2.52±0.2 g/100 g DW in A. melanocarpa and 4.22±0.1 g/100 g DW in A. ovalis . Sixteen phenolic compounds were identified in A. melanocarpa and twenty-one in A. ovalis , with chlorogenic acid, quercetin, and cyanidin derivatives predomination. Sugars, organic acids, and tocopherols were also abundant. Both berries exhibited potent antioxidant activity (EC 50 : 0.35±0.02 mg/mL for A. ovalis , 3.9 ± 0.1 mg/mL for A. melanocarpa through TBARS assay) and antimicrobial properties against foodborne strains. These findings highlight these species' phytochemical and nutrient richness, emphasizing the value of Kazakhstan-originating berries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".