Sustainable bioenergy potential of peat-moss derived hydrothermal aqueous phase: Insights into methane production and organic transformation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG-7) by exploring bioenergy production from peat-moss derived hydrothermal aqueous phase (HAPs) through anaerobic digestion (AD). This study investigated six combinations of hydrothermal conversion temperature (HCT) and residence time (HCRT). Methane yields varied significantly, with the highest (256 mL/g COD) achieved at 200 °C:4h, while the lowest (97 mL/g COD) was at 320 °C:4h due to formation of toxic and refractory organics. Microtox analysis showed acute toxicity > 98 % for all HAPs. Notably, higher HCT and HCRT led to more complex and diverse organic patterns, promoting the formation of humus-like substances, ester, alkane alcohols, and aromatics. GC-MS analysis revealed a 23 % increase in aldehyde and ketone compounds at 320 °C:4h. Continuous experiments confirmed 29 % COD removal efficiency at 320 °C:4h and identified 13 refractory organics, highlighting challenges in biodegradability. These findings provided valuable insights for optimizing AD processes, enhancing bioenergy production, and advancing sustainable energy solutions in alignment with SDG-7.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".