Antibacterial activity and mechanism of combination natural essential oils from oregano and cinnamon against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K99
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Essential oils from oregano (OEO) and cinnamon (CEO) have been reported an excellent antibacterial activity, but their synergistic antibacterial effect is rarely studied. In this study, the chemical compositions of OEO, CEO and mixed OEO with CEO (MEO) and their antibacterial activities were analyzed, the mode of MEO action against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K99 (ETEC K99) were investigated. Results showed that MEO had the synergistic antibacterial effect, which was proven by fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.375. The inhibition zone diameter measured varying with volume ratio of OEO and CEO showed that the best synergistic effect was at a ratio 2:8. Meanwhile, the antibacterial mechanism of MEO demonstrated that the MEO changed the morphology of ETEC K99 by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and disrupted the cell membrane integrity that were proved by the leakage of intracellular nucleic acid and lower alkaline phosphatase activity of ETEC K99. In addition, the MEO also inhibited DNA biosynthesis, biofilm formation and scavenged mature biofilm of ETEC K99. These results confirm the synergistic effect on improvement of antibacterial activity and elucidate a variety of mechanisms through which the ETEC K99 was inactivated, and support the application of MEO to against ETEC K99. • The mixture of EOs (MEO) exerted a synergistic antibacterial effect on ETEC K99. • MEO had the best synergistic antibacterial activity at a ratio of 2:8 (OEO: CEO). • There were multiple mechanisms for MEO reducing the pathogenicity of ETEC K99. • MEO changed the morphology and inhibited DNA biosynthesis of ETEC K99. • MEO inhibited biofilm formation and scavenged mature biofilm of ETEC K99.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".