Field evaluation of <i>Trichogramma ostriniae</i> (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and <i>T. brassicae</i> as biocontrol agents of the European corn borer, <i>Ostrinia nubilalis</i> (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), in fresh market sweet corn
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The efficiency of two Trichogramma species as biocontrol agents against the European corn borer (ECB) Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) was investigated under field conditions. Five inundative releases of Trichogramma ostriniae and T. brassicae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) were done in sweet corn plots. Ostrinia nubilalis sentinel egg masses were placed on corn plants in order to compare the efficiency of the two Trichogramma species. The parasitism rate of O. nubilalis egg masses by T. ostriniae was 13% higher than egg masses parasitized by T. brassicae. Likewise, the percentage of eggs parasitized per mass by T. ostriniae was significantly higher following two of the five releases. Attacked egg masses showed an average of 29% of eggs parasitized by T. ostriniae, versus 14% of eggs parasitized by T. brassicae. The rate of parasitoid emergence from sentinel egg masses was also significantly higher for T. ostriniae than for T. brassicae. Damages to plants due to ECB did not differ significantly in presence of the two parasitoid species. However, plants in plots receiving parasitoids showed less damage than plants in control plots. Overall, T. ostriniae was clearly more efficient than T. brassicae to parasitized egg masses of O. nubilalis in sweet corn.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".