Physiological Responses of the Green Shore Crab, Carcinus maenas, During Acute and Chronic Low Temperature Exposure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The green shore crab (Carcinus maenas) is native to Western Europe but has spread around the globe and is described as one of the top 100 worst invasive species. On the east coast of North America, their northern-most limit is the island of Newfoundland, Canada, where they can experience water temperatures as low as −1 °C. We investigated the physiological responses of C. maenas to a temperature reduction regime as well as to long-term acclimation to temperatures representative of winter (2 °C) and summer (12 °C) in Newfoundland. Heart rate, oxygen consumption and estimated energy expenditure declined steadily with decreasing temperature, but a marked change was observed between 6 and 4 °C, with lowest levels recorded in 2 °C. After long-term acclimation to 2 °C there was a sustained reduction in physiological parameters. Even though these physiological parameters were very low in 2 °C, the crabs still exhibited intermittent activity. This supports the presence of a dormancy, rather than true torpor/hibernation below 5 °C, in which crabs will continue to actively move and feed, albeit much more slowly. The population in Newfoundland contains haplotypes from both the invasive northern and southern lineages, and they appear to retain a similar low temperature response compared with most other populations of green crab from both their native and expanded range.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".