A new papionin molar (Primates, Cercopithecidae) from the Pliocene of Serbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fossil record of non-human primates in Serbia remains limited, with only one site—Ridjake (Riđake) in northwestern Serbia—yielding remains of fossil monkeys so far: two molars attributed to cf. Paradolichopithecus sp. discovered within a Late Pliocene assemblage. Adding to this sparse collection, we present a newly identified primate specimen from Ridjake: a well-preserved crown of a mandibular third molar (m3) designated NHMBEO 042503. The molar exhibits morphology typical of Papionini (excluding Theropithecus ) but larger dimensions than Macaca . Based solely on dental size, this new specimen could belong to either of the two Eurasian Plio-Pleistocene large-bodied papionin genera— Procynocephalus and Paradolichopithecus . However, since Procynocephalus fossils are found exclusively in South and East Asia, the new molar from Ridjake is assigned to cf. Paradolichopithecus sp. in this paper. While sexual dimorphism could explain the size difference between NHMBEO 042503 and the previously described m3 from Ridjake (NHMBEO 042502), the somewhat smaller size of the Ridjake molars compared to other Paradolichopithecus records suggests they might belong to an as-yet-unknown species within this genus. Further research is needed to test this hypothesis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".