Exploring Platinum Thin Films as Electrodes for High‐Temperature and ‐Pressure Electrochemical Studies in Aqueous Systems
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT This work reports a methodology for the fabrication of Pt thin‐film electrodes for electrochemical studies in hydrothermal systems. The research process was meticulous, with particular attention paid to the multilayer Ti/Pt/Ti/Al 2 O 3 film structure and annealing conditions that are expected to impact the morphology of the films, surface composition and electrochemical response. The findings of this study are significant, as they provide valuable insights into the behaviour of Pt thin‐film electrodes in various media and conditions. Two different approaches were adopted for the preparation of the electrodes: in one case, the Ti/Pt/Ti/Al 2 O 3 films deposited on sapphire wafers were exposed to rapid thermal annealing at 900°C under argon for 5 min, followed by argon ion milling to etch the final electrode pattern (Pt‐RA(900)), while in the other case, uncapped Pt films were annealed, after etching, in a tubular oven under argon at specific temperatures between 200°C and 900°C (Pt‐TO). Rapid annealing at 900°C on capped films resulted in the formation of a Pt 3 Ti intermetallic alloy with remarkable mechanical and chemical stability even after 10 h of immersion in deionised water, acid (0.1 M H 2 SO 4 ) and alkaline media (0.1 M KOH) conditions at temperatures up to 150°C, despite the dissolution of the Al 2 O 3 top layer at 150°C and long immersion times (> 10 h). In the case of uncapped Pt films, diffusion and oxidation of Ti through the Pt film at high temperature resulted in the formation of TiO 2 on the surface of Pt. The results were confirmed by using a comprehensive suite of ex‐situ characterisation techniques to follow changes in the Pt electrode surface morphology and composition before and after immersion in H 2 O, 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 and 0.1 M KOH solutions under argon. Ex‐situ electrochemical characterisation studies were also conducted to correlate the changes in the electrode surface properties, including the electrochemical surface area, with different annealing conditions and after various hydrothermal treatments in neutral, alkaline and acidic media.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".