Comparing Rituximab and Cyclophosphamide in Induction Therapy for Childhood‐Onset Anti‐Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody‐Associated Vasculitis: An <scp>ARChiVe</scp> Registry Cohort Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) are chronic life-threatening vasculitides requiring substantial immunotherapy. Adult trials identified rituximab (RTX) as an alternative to cyclophosphamide (CYC) for remission induction of GPA and MPA. Disease rarity has limited feasibility of similar trials with pediatric patients. We aim to evaluate the relative efficacy and toxicity of CYC and RTX for patients with childhood GPA and MPA through registry-based comparative evaluation. METHODS: From A Registry of Childhood Vasculitis, we identified patients with GPA and MPA who received induction with RTX or CYC. Pediatric Vasculitis Activity Score (PVAS) and Pediatric Vasculitis Damage Index (pVDI) score evaluated disease activity and damage. Descriptive statistics summarized patient characteristics. RTX and CYC comparisons used logistic regression for primary outcomes of postinduction remission (PVAS = 0) or low disease activity (PVAS ≤ 2). Hospital admission for adverse events and pVDI scores were compared using logistic regression and ordinal regression, respectively. RESULTS: Among 104 patients, 43% received RTX, 46% CYC, 11% both. Treatment groups did not significantly differ for diagnosis PVAS and onset age. There was no difference in remission among the groups (63% overall; odds ratio [OR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45-2.52). Hospitalizations occurred in 22% of patients receiving RTX versus 10% patients receiving CYC (OR 2.27, 95% CI 0.73-7.05). The median 12-month pVDI score was 1 in both groups (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.43-2.22). CONCLUSION: This is the first study comparing CYC and RTX for induction in pediatric GPA and MPA. No significant differences were shown in rates of remission, severe adverse events, or organ damage. Limitations included lack of standardized treatment regimens, retrospectivity, and lack of longitudinal adverse drug-related event data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".