Correlation of Total Kidney Volume (TKV), Total Liver Volume (TLV), and Combined TKV and TLV with Abdominal Symptoms in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Mass effect (e.g. early satiety, flank pain, abdominal distention and pain) symptoms from polycystic kidney and liver enlargement can result in clinically significant symptoms and complications, and negatively impact the quality of life in patients with ADPKD. Several studies have documented a significant correlation of these symptoms with TKV or TLV. Here we report a single center correlative study of mass effect symptoms with TKV, TLV, and combined TKV+TLV Methods: Prospective study at the Center of Innovative Management in PKD in Toronto between October 2017-July 2021. All study patients had a clinical diagnosis of ADPKD based on kidney imaging, underwent a research protocol for detailed clinical and laboratory data, genetic testing and MRI measurements of height-adjusted (ht-) TKV, TLV, and combined TKV+TLV. Volume measures were divided by quintiles (Q). Mass-effect symptoms were assessed using a standardized research questionnaire and by review of their medical records Results: The study cohort comprises 250 patients, with a mean age of 46 years and 56.4% female. Their median htTLV, htTKV, and htTKLV were 1182, 702, and 1884 ml/m, respectively. We found that Q4-Q5 discriminate patients with mobility limitation by all volumetric groups whereas Q5 discriminates the severity of abdominal distention and abdominal pain by htTLV and htTKLV (Figure 1). The lower bound of Q5 in htTKV, htTLV, and htTKLV were 1009, 1337, 2323 ml/m, respectively Conclusion: Our study suggest specific thresholds that correlate with clinically important “mass effect” symptoms (i.e. mobility limitation, severity of abdominal distention and pain). Multivariate analysis will be performed to further delineate the effects of age, sex, and cystic organ volumetric with “mass effect” symptoms Funding: Government Support – Non-U.S.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".