Alpha-lipoic acid: A promising pharmacotherapy seen through the lens of kidney diseases
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Kidney diseases have rapidly increased in prevalence over the past few decades, and have now become a major global public health concern. This has put economic burden on the public healthcare system and causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, drugs currently in use for the management of kidney diseases have long-term major adverse effects that negatively impact the quality of life of these patients, hence making these drugs a “necessary evil”. In recent times, antioxidant therapy has been explored as a potential pharmacological avenue for treatment of kidney diseases, and could offer a better therapeutic option with less adverse effect profile. One of such antioxidants is alpha-lipoic acid (ALA), a sulphur-containing multifunctional antioxidant that is endogenously produced by lipoic acid synthase in the mitochondria of many tissues, including the kidney. Burgeoning evidence indicates that ALA is showing clinical promise in the treatment and pharmacological management of many kidney diseases through its antioxidant and other therapeutic properties by activating several protective mechanisms while inhibiting deleterious signaling pathways. In this review, we present ALA as a potent naturally occurring antioxidant, its mitochondrial biosynthesis and pharmacological properties. In addition, we also discuss within the limit of present literature, ALA and its underlying molecular mechanisms implicated in experimental and clinical treatment of various kidney conditions, and thus, may offer nephrologists an additional and/or alternative avenue in the pharmacological management and treatment of kidney diseases while giving hope to these patients. • Alpha-Lipoic acid attenuates acute kidney injury. • Alpha-Lipoic acid ameliorates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. • Alpha-Lipoic acid offers therapeutic benefit in diabetic nephropathy. • Alpha-Lipoic acid is beneficial in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive nephropathy. • Alpha-Lipoic acid could be a potential drug of choice for ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".