The effect of using a local skin cooling device on arteriovenous fistula cannulation pain and comfort level of patients on hemodialysis: A single‐blind randomized controlled study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The study aimed to investigate the impact of the using local skin cooling on arteriovenous fistula cannulation pain and the comfort levels of hemodialysis patients. METHODS: The single-blind randomized controlled trial was formed with 50 patients between June 20, 2023, and July 31, 2023, in the hemodialysis units of two state hospitals in Turkey. Patients were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 25) or the control group (n = 25) using the block randomization method. This data were collected through the use of the CoolSense device, the "Patient Information Form," the "Verbal Category Scale," and the "General Comfort Scale." Patients in the experimental group received the local skin cooling for five seconds during arteriovenous fistula cannulation, while the control group followed the standard hospital protocol. The study was registered on Clinical Trials (NCT06144801). FINDINGS: The study revealed that the application of the local skin cooling during arteriovenous fistula cannulation significantly reduced pain and increased patients' comfort levels, demonstrating an anesthetic effect (p < 0.001). Furthermore, it was observed that as pain levels decreased, patient comfort levels increased (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION: It is concluded that the using lokal skin cooling is an effective tool for reducing pain and enhancing comfort during arteriovenous fistula cannulation in hemodialysis patients.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".