Evaporation Resistance of Grooved Wicks Fabricated Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As electronic devices become more powerful and compact, they generate higher heat fluxes, which can lead to reduced performance and failure if not properly managed. Two-phase cooling systems, such as heat pipes and vapour chambers, are highly effective at dissipating heat from electronic components, using the latent heat of vaporization to transfer large amounts of heat with minimal temperature difference. The design of the wick structure used inside two-phase heat transport technologies is important for thermal and hydraulic performance: The wick sustains the working fluid circulation and is a dominant contributor to the thermal resistance at the evaporator and condenser regions. Recently, additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, such as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), have been leveraged to develop improved heat pipe technologies in terms of overall device form factor and to fabricate integrated AM wick structures. In the current study, four grooved wicks were developed using the LPBF process by modifying the laser hatch spacing of the process, resulting in wicks with two different groove heights (0.6 and 0.8 mm) and two different groove widths (200 and 300 µm). These hatched grooved wicks were fabricated by changing the laser hatch spacing between 0.42 and 0.52 mm, with zero angle rotation between layers. Alsi10Mg powder material was used to fabricate the wicks. The evaporator wick thermal resistance was measured in a thermal-hydraulic testing apparatus under saturated vapor conditions and capillary-fed liquid flow through the tested wicks. Results showed a minimum thermal resistance of 0.115 K/w for the hatched wick with a groove height of 0.8 mm and a groove width of 300 µm. In addition, the same hatched wick achieved the highest heat input flux of 43.5 W/cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".