Wake interference effects for two surface-mounted cubes in tandem
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Interference effects on the mean flow field, aerodynamic forces, and vortex shedding in the wakes of two cubes in tandem have been experimentally investigated, considering different boundary layer thicknesses of δ/D=0.8 and 1.3. The cubes had center-to-center longitudinal spacing ratios of L/D=1.5 to 5 and were exposed to an incoming flow with a Reynolds number of Re =7.5×104–9×104 based on the cubes' width D and the freestream velocity. For the thin boundary layer, the flow showed an intermittent regime with two Strouhal numbers for L/D<2.25, a co-shedding regime with synchronized shedding for L/D>2.25, and evidence of a cavity-locked regime around L/D=2.75. The intermittent regime featured flow reattachment but was not bistable, corresponding instead to unsynchronized shedding from both the upstream and downstream cubes. The mean drag force, normal force, and bending moment coefficients were examined across the regimes as functions of L/D and δ/D, showing greater variation for the downstream cube. Particle image velocimetry measurements revealed that the probability of reattachment on the downstream cube decreased, a second horseshoe vortex formed in the gap, and flow separated from the downstream cube's leading edges for high L/D. When increasing δ/D, vortex shedding from the upstream cube was delayed, leading to a high Strouhal number single-wake regime for L/D<2.5. The shorter formation region caused fluid to enter the gap, giving higher drag force coefficients for the downstream cube for small L/D, while the decreased probability of reattachment on the top of the cube led to a small increase in its normal force coefficient.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".