Exploring experiences and changes in daily and social activities among individuals with spinal cord injury during the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: To explore experiences and changes in daily and social activities among individuals living with spinal cord injuries over the first 9 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: In this longitudinal qualitative study, data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with participants at four time points (June 2020, July 2020, August 2020, January 2021). Data were analyzed longitudinally using a recurrent cross-sectional approach. Results: The 22 participants had a mean age of 54 years, 13 were male. We identified three main themes: 1) ‘Dealing with the emotional impact of pandemic-related restrictions’ explored feelings of frustration, sources of anxiety, and the importance of adopting a positive mindset; 2) ‘Changing daily routines’ described aspects of normal routines that changed and ways of adapting to those changes; and 3) ‘Revisiting social engagement’ conveyed the struggles caused by a lack of social engagement and coping strategies to overcome them. Conclusion: This study explicates the changes experienced by the SCI community during various points of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants discussed feelings of frustration, anxiety, and gratitude. They described changes, challenges, and strategies used when navigating life during the pandemic. These findings can facilitate future research to address the challenges faced by this population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".