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Record W4404038347 · doi:10.1001/amajethics.2024.868

How Should We Expand Access to Psychedelics While Maintaining an Environment of Peace and Safety?

2024· article· en· W4404038347 on OpenAlexaff
Zachary J. Verne, J.S. Zabinski

Bibliographic record

VenueThe AMA Journal of Ethic · 2024
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPsychology
TopicPsychedelics and Drug Studies
Canadian institutionsColumbia College
Fundersnot available
KeywordsBusinessComputer securityInternet privacyPsychologyComputer science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Psychedelics have long been used by individuals seeking peace and a sense of wellness.This article examines widespread adoption of ketamine as a proxy for psychedelics.For ketamine, there is a need to protect vulnerable persons from exploitation that should be balanced against risks of hypermedicalization.This article suggests strategies for striking such a balance, including by carefully differentiating between persons with psychiatric illnesses, such as treatment-resistant depression, who could benefit from psychedelics, and persons using psychedelics for peace and wellness under careful guidance. Wellness Pursuits in Clinical SettingsVarious methods are used to achieve an individual sense of peace and wellness in modern clinical and nonclinical settings, including meditation, prayer, dietary changes, self-reflection, and substance-mediated peace experiences.These practices have varying degrees of published evidence to support their efficacy, but virtually all methods of attaining peace are heavily marketed-sometimes with strong claims to being the correct, or even the only, method of attaining peace if properly followed.The marketing of personal peace and wellness can take advantage of the vulnerabilities of people who are desperate to feel better at any cost and who might in fact be seeking these resources during an episode of psychiatric illness.A wide variety of clinicians, therapists, coaches, guides, and other leaders in health and wellness practices are positioned to wield their credibility over these practices for personal gain.Often, those who are critical of the medicalization of psychedelic experiences have just as much-or more-financial incentive to market their methods.In this article, we discuss the case of ketamine treatment to explore the ethical obligations of health professionals to be aware of the benefits, detriments, and economic interests at play in the growth of modern psychedelic administration as a peace and wellness practice.Brief History of Psychedelics Psychedelics are a heterogeneous group of compounds that produce a profound effect on mood and consciousness.Historically, psychedelics have been defined exclusively by 5HT-2A receptor antagonism, with recent debates considering a broader definition that includes compounds that induce psychedelic-like experiences (such as ketamine,

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.648
Threshold uncertainty score0.411

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.173
GPT teacher head0.413
Teacher spread0.241 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations1
Published2024
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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