Smaller cingulate grey matter mediates the association between dual-task gait and incident dementia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Individuals with mild cognitive impairment who have high dual-task gait cost (≥20% slowing in gait speed while performing a cognitive brain-demanding task) are 3-fold more likely to progress to dementia. However, the cortical regions that might explain this association are unknown, which might identify potentially treatable areas. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether brain grey matter volume loss and motor cortex metabolite levels explain the association between dual-task cost and incident dementia in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. We included participants with mild cognitive impairment from the Gait and Brain Study Cohort, who had a baseline MRI and were followed up for 9 years with cognitive and gait assessments every 6 months. Gait performance was investigated in four conditions: usual gait, counting backwards by ones, naming animals and subtracting serial sevens. Dual-task cost was calculated as the percentage change in gait speed in dual-task conditions relative to usual gait speed. Data were collected from July 2007 to June 2023. From the 139 individuals with mild cognitive impairment included at baseline [mean (standard deviation) age, 73 (6) years; 62 (44%) female], 33 (24%) progressed to dementia. Baseline high dual-task cost (≥20%) during counting backwards by ones and naming animals conditions were associated with smaller grey matter volume in several brain structures. A higher ratio of choline to creatine in the primary motor cortex was associated with higher serial sevens dual-task cost. High dual-task cost while counting backwards by ones and naming animals was associated with a 3-fold risk of incident dementia (P = 0.02). Mediation analyses revealed that grey matter volume clusters localized in the right anterior and middle cingulate cortices mediated the association between counting backwards by ones dual-task cost and incident dementia (effect: 48%; P = 0.045) with no mediation observed in grey matter loss in other brain regions or through motor cortex metabolite levels. Smaller grey matter volume of the right anterior and middle cingulate cortices explained the association between high dual-task cost and incident dementia in mild cognitive impairment. This result sheds light on the neural mechanisms of cognitive-motor interaction linked with cognitive decline and dementia in mild cognitive impairment and supports the use of gait under dual-tasking as a motor biomarker of dementia.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".