Experimental study on heat transfer and resistance of round tube with tube sheet under ultrasonic action
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Energy is vital to the survival and development of human beings. In the era of ‘carbon neutrality’, all walks of life around the world are upgrading their technological capabilities to reduce carbon emissions. As a new type of active strengthening technology to improve the comprehensive performance of heat exchangers, ultrasonic technology has attracted the attention of more and more scholars. From the actual installation situation, a set of ultrasonic enhanced heat transfer test device with tube sheet round tube was built. After experimental research and data analysis, the influence of ultrasonic sound intensity, frequency, and position on heat transfer, flow resistance, and comprehensive performance of heat exchange tube under different working conditions and without ultrasonic wave is studied. The results show that the ultrasonic enhanced heat transfer and drag reduction capacity increases with the decrease of ultrasonic frequency, and under the action of ultrasonic waves of different frequencies, the critical sound intensity of its enhanced heat transfer and drag reduction performance is different. The drag reduction performance of the ultrasonic heat exchange tube is increased by 18.41%, the heat transfer performance is increased by 36.53%, and the overall performance is increased by 20.57%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".