The geology of the Shyok suture zone: evidence for Cretaceous extension of the southern Eurasian margin and Eocene India–Eurasia collision
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study discusses whether the Eurasian margin, before the onset of the India–Eurasia collision, was a Cordillera-style accretionary orogen or a more complex Japan–Mariana-style margin with extended back-arc basins and oceanic crust between the volcanic arc(s) and continental lithosphere. This distinction is critical to understanding the development of the India–Eurasia orogenic system because each of these scenarios has very different implications for the timing of the continental collision between India and Eurasia. We present new field mapping, U/Pb zircon dates and whole-rock geochemical results that constrain the tectonostratigraphic and structural development of the Shyok suture zone, which separates the Kohistan–Ladakh arc from the Karakoram terrane in northwestern India and Pakistan. Our results suggest that the Shyok suture comprises a Jurassic forearc ophiolite overlain by Eurasia-derived sedimentary strata interlayered with andesites, which accumulated throughout the Cretaceous in a back-arc basin that was under extension between 115 and 72 Myr ago. Closure of this back-arc basin post-dates the formation of the Indus suture zone between the Kohistan–Ladakh arc and India.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".