Investigating Factors Associated With Stress in Guardians of Dogs Under 12 Months of Age
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Similar to parenting, raising a puppy can be stressful for guardians; however, this aspect of the guardian experience has received limited research attention. This study sought to fill the gap in understanding the stress experienced by puppy guardians and shed light on the factors influencing stress levels. An online survey was developed for guardians of dogs under 12 months of age and made available worldwide. A validated instrument (Parental Stress Scale) was modified to suit “parenting” of dogs and used to measure guardian stress levels. Data from 783 valid responses were received. For the statistical model, we fitted a linear regression with a modified Parental Stress Scale as the single outcome variable. A full linear model was fitted with predictors with a p-value of 0.2 or less, and a backwards stepwise selection process was used to find the ideal model, using AIC as the heuristic. Guardians who were satisfied with their puppy’s behavior, lived in Australia (compared with those living in the USA and Canada), scored higher in self-esteem, were happy with the division of puppy responsibilities in their household, and were raising puppies scoring higher in trainability were all associated with lower Parental Stress Scale scores. In contrast, first-time puppy guardians, guardians who worked from home some or all of the time, guardians raising puppies scoring higher in extraversion or neuroticism, and guardians who agreed that managing more than one dog in the household took up a lot of their time and energy, were all associated with higher Parental Stress Scale Scores. Although not initially developed for puppy guardians, the modified Parental Stress Scale shows potential as a useful measure for future use in this population.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it