Is AIDS an Actinopathy? HIV Inhibition of ARP2/3 is Reminiscent of Primary Immunodeficiencies in Normal Progressors but Absent in A Subset of HIV Controllers.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract HIV-1 infection disrupts the cortical actin network, leading to morphological and migratory changes in CD4+ T cells. We utilized time-lapse and ultrastructural microscopy to observe primary CD4+ T cells infected with wild-type HIV-1 and Nef-deleted (ΔNef) virus to assess cytoskeletal cytopathicity. Furthermore, we investigated the link between HIV-1-mediated actin disruption and primary immunodeficiencies that affect the ARP2/3 complex to cytopathicities found in HIV infection. Of the five aberrant phenotypes observed, we identified two novel pathological morphologies unique to HIV-1 infected CD4+ T cells. The observed morphologies mirror those seen in migrating cells containing genetic determinants of primary immunodeficiencies affecting ARP2/3 complex. Nef-deleted virus partially ameliorated the cytopathicity in infected cells. In contrast to normal progressors and healthy controls, two-thirds of HIV-1 controllers tested retained cortical actin stability in the presence of WT infection. The link between these cellular pathologies and disease progression provides insights into HIV-1 induced immune dysfunction. Additionally, we observed that certain HIV-1 controllers lack these cellular pathologies, possibly indicating a protective mechanism against viral replication and immune response. Restoring ARP2/3 function and cortical actin integrity in HIV-1-infected individuals may present a promising avenue for eradicating infected cells from the body.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".