Japonolirion osense, a close relative of the mycoheterotrophic genus Petrosavia, exhibits complete autotrophic capabilities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The plant kingdom exhibits a diversity of nutritional strategies, extending beyond complete autotrophy. In addition to full mycoheterotrophs and holoparasites, it is now recognized that a greater number of green plants than previously assumed use partly of fungal carbon. These are termed partial mycoheterotrophs or mixotrophs. Notably, some species exhibit a dependency on fungi exclusively during early ontogenetic stages, referred to as initial mycoheterotrophy. Japonolirion osense, a rare plant thriving in serpentinite soils, emerges as a potential candidate for initial mycoheterotrophy or mixotrophy. Several factors support this hypothesis, including its diminutive sizes of shoot and and seeds, the establishment of Paris-type arbuscular mycorrhizal associations, its placement within the Petrosaviales-largely composed of fully mycoheterotrophic species-and its ability to face the challenging conditions of its environment. To explore these possibilities, our study adopts a multidisciplinary approach, encompassing stable isotope abundance analyses, in vitro experiments, anatomical analyses, and comparative plastome analyses. Our study aims to (1) determine whether J. osense relies on fungal carbon during germination, indicating initial mycoheterotrophy, (2) determine if it employs a dual carbon acquisition strategy as an adult, and (3) investigate potential genomic reductions in photosynthetic capabilities. Contrary to expectations, our comprehensive findings strongly indicate that J. osense maintains complete autotrophy throughout its life cycle. This underscores the contrasting nutritional strategies evolved by species within the Petrosaviales.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".