Wheat Leaf Rust, Caused by <i>Puccinia triticina</i> , and Mitigation Through Host Genetic Resistance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The obligate fungal pathogen Puccinia triticina causes leaf rust symptoms on wheat worldwide. Epidemics of leaf rust occur during periods of mild weather with high relative humidity. The pathogen infects leaves, causing orange to red pustules, containing millions of urediniospores, reducing the photosynthetic area and causing desiccation and yield loss. Wind-borne urediniospores are produced in continuous asexual cycles on wheat plants. Genetic resistance is the primary control strategy. There are over 80 known leaf rust ( Lr ) resistance genes, and most are race-specific and are active from the seedling stage to maturity. A few Lr genes are nonrace-specific and confer partial resistance to leaf rust and other diseases at the adult plant stage. Combining Lr genes that confer seedling and adult plant resistance has been particularly successful and durable. Pathogen populations are genetically diverse, and races evolve continuously to evade recognition by Lr genes. This results in boom-and-bust cycles when new cultivars with race-specific Lr genes are resistant for some years, but become susceptible, due to evolution of the P. triticina population. Surveillance of P. triticina for the evolution of races helps to develop wheat cultivars with Lr genes that will be resistant to the most prevalent races. Information © The Authors 2024
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".