pSTAT3 Expression is Increased in Advanced Prostate Cancer in Post‐Initiation of Androgen Deprivation Therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background The transcription factor Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a role in carcinogenesis and is involved in processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, drug resistance and immunosuppression. STAT3 can be activated by phosphorylation of tyrosine at position 705 (pSTAT3 Tyr705 ) or serine at 727 (pSTAT3 Ser727 ). High expression levels of pSTAT3 are implicated in advanced stages of prostate cancer (PCa) and are known to interact with the androgen receptor signaling pathway. However, not much is known about how androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in advanced disease affects pSTAT3 expression. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of ADT on pSTAT3 expression in PCa tissue. Methods The study cohort came from a PCa tissue microarray resource containing prostate specimens from patients before and post‐initiation of ADT. Tissue samples from 111 patients were immunostained for pSTAT3 Tyr705 and pSTAT3 Ser727 . H‐score was used to evaluate the intensity and the percentage of pSTAT3 expression in malignant epithelial and stromal compartments. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to assess pSTAT3 Tyr705 and pSTAT3 Ser727 as biomarkers of oncological outcome in patients undergoing ADT. Results Post‐ADT PCa samples demonstrated increased nuclear and cytoplasmic levels of pSTAT3 Ser727 in the stroma compared to pre‐ADT samples, whereas pSTAT3 Tyr705 expression was increased significantly in both stromal and malignant epithelial compartments except for stromal cytoplasm. High cytoplasmic pSTAT3 Ser727 in stromal compartments correlated with reduced overall survival, shorter time to castration‐resistant PCa development, and decreased metastasis‐free survival. An increase in nuclear and cytoplasmic pSTAT3 Ser727 expression within the stromal compartment of post‐ADT samples corresponded to a shorter time to CRPC development, which was not observed for pSTAT3 Tyr705 . Multivariable survival analysis using Cox's regression identified that high cytoplasmic pSTAT3 Ser727 expression in the stroma of post‐ADT samples and pT3 or pT4‐stage were associated with worse overall survival and 5‐year metastasis‐free survival (MFS). Conclusions This study presents novel insights into the impact of ADT on the expression levels of pSTAT3 Tyr705 and pSTAT3 Ser727 in PCa. Cytoplasmic pSTAT3 Ser727 status of cancer‐associated stromal cells in post‐ADT samples may serve as an independent prognostic marker for OS and 5‐year MFS, identifying prostate cancer patients prone to developing resistance to ADT.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".