Analyzing Resources and Programming for At-Risk Youth with Nonhuman Companion Animals in the Canadian Context: A Scoping Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Youth facing homelessness, specifically those who own nonhuman companion animals (NCAs), are an understudied population with little published literature examining the evidence-informed supports that exist within their communities. Accordingly, a scoping review was conducted to address the question: (a) what community supports exist in Canada for youth experiencing homelessness and their animal companions, and (b) what gaps in both supporting youth and/or supporting their animal companions exist amongst the organizations providing these initiatives? Academic articles published between January 2010 and August 2022 were reviewed. Three databases were searched for relevant articles: PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCOhost. This search returned 546 articles, of which 56 sources satisfied the inclusion criteria. Data was then extracted and analyzed using a thematic analysis framework. The following themes were uncovered using deductive reasoning: lack of support for marginalized youth (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, and two-spirit [LGBTQ2S+] youth, etc.), negative experiences with the shelter system, and need for harm reduction-focused services. NCA ownership was a less frequently studied theme and only appeared in two of the 56 studies. This scoping review aims to identify gaps in the literature and encourage further research on the existing community-based programming within Canada for youth facing homelessness with animal companions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".