Dietary exposure of stormwater contaminants in biofilm to two freshwater macroinvertebrates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aquatic habitats in urban environments are exposed to complex contaminant mixtures that may harm aquatic biota. The impact of contaminant transfer from contaminated biofilm through aquatic food webs is still understudied, as is the current state of knowledge on dietary exposure of urban contaminants to biota residing in stormwater ponds. Our overall objective was to characterize urban pesticide accumulation in a common aquatic food source (biofilm) in stormwater ponds and to investigate the potential toxicity of that food source by testing the responses of two freshwater macroinvertebrates to experimental exposure. We conducted two dietary bioassays using biofilm collected from 15 stormwater ponds in Brampton, Ontario: an acute exposure with the mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer, and a chronic exposure with the freshwater snail Planorbella pilsbryi. We screened for 542 current-use and legacy pesticides to measure pesticide burden (the number of pesticides detected) and the concentration of pesticides in the biofilm. We also quantified chlorophyll-a, pheophytin, and ash-free dry weight content which we used as indicators of biofilm quality. We found no correlations between pesticide burden and chlorophyll-a, pheophytin, or ash-free dry weight of the biofilm diets. Compared to control diets, biofilms collected from stormwater ponds caused a reduction in survival and growth endpoints for both test species, indicating that biofilm-consuming invertebrates living in stormwater ponds may be experiencing risks previously unaccounted for by traditional ecological risk assessments. Pesticide occurrences in biofilm diets did not relate to mayfly survival, growth, or biomass production. Nor were they related to snail growth. This suggests that other contaminants in stormwater-cultivated biofilm are contributing to the observed effects. Snail survival and biomass production were negatively related to pesticide burden in the diets. This implies that duration of exposure may influence the degree and manifestation of pesticide toxicity via dietary exposure.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".