Bidirectional Series-Type DC Hybrid Circuit Breaker With Self-Restart Capability and Energy Regeneration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The series hybrid circuit breaker (SHCB) is a promising solution for fault current breaking in medium and low-voltage dc distribution networks, offering fast fault breaking and low conduction losses. However, the additional circuits or devices required for charging the energy storage (ES) capacitors complicate the restart operation of the SHCB, and the dissipation of large amounts of residual magnetizing current in the transformer results in energy wastage. To address these issues, this article proposes a bidirectional energy-regeneration SHCB (ER-SHCB), which recycles the transformer's residual magnetizing current to charge the ES capacitor, enabling self-restart. This approach simplifies and accelerates the restart operation while achieving ER. In addition, the voltage injection unit can generate a controllable-polarity counter voltage, allowing for bidirectional fault current breaking. To validate the effectiveness of the ER-SHCB, 10 kV/100 A simulations and scale-down experiments were conducted. Results show that the proposed ER-SHCB, featuring self-restart capability and ER, can quickly break the operating and fault currents.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".