Phylogenetic analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of the orange-winged sulphur butterfly <i>Dercas nina</i> Mell 1913 (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Pieridae: Coliadinae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dercas nina Mell Citation1913 (Pieridae) is a little-studied butterfly species endemic to China that flies primarily in the forest canopy. Genome skimming by Illumina sequencing allowed assembly of 146,702 reads for complete 1471.3-fold mean coverage of the circular 15,264 bp mitogenome from D. nina consisting of 82.1% AT nucleotides. A gene order typical of butterflies was recovered consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, two rRNAs, and a predicted control region. The Dercas nina COX1 open reading frame begins with atypical start codon CGA. Six protein-coding genes (COX1, COX2, ND2, ND3, ND4, ND5) with single-nucleotide (T) stop codons, and two protein-coding genes (ATP6, ATP8) with two-nucleotide (TA) stop codons encoded in the DNA were inferred to be completed by adenine nucleotides from the Poly-A tail of the mRNA. Bayesian’s phylogenetic reconstruction places the D. nina and D. lycorias mitogenomes as sister clades. Dercas mitogenomes were sister to those from genus Colias in the monophyletic subfamily Coliadinae. The mitogenome phylogeny is consistent with previous molecular phylogenetic hypotheses based on other markers, but differs somewhat from a morphology-based hypothesis that suggested that Dercas was more closely related to genus Gonepteryx. This may falsify the hypothesis or may instead reflect mitochondrial-nuclear phylogenetic discordance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".