The effects of loading direction on the dynamic impact response of additively manufactured M350 maraging steel-Al0.5CoCrFeNi1.5 hybrid plates
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite the impressive impact strength of maraging steels, which informs their application in the defence industry, they are highly susceptible to cracking resulting from adiabatic shear band (ASB) nucleation when subjected to dynamic loading. Hence, a potential solution to mitigate this problem is needed. In this study, a hybrid plate containing layers of M350 maraging steel and Al 0.5 CoCrFeNi 1.5 high entropy alloy was fabricated using laser-based directed energy deposition (L-DED) additive manufacturing with the aim of combining the high impact strength of M350 maraging steel with the ductility and ASB-resistant properties of Al 0.5 CoCrFeNi 1.5 . To determine the effect of loading direction on the impact strength and absorbed energy of the hybrid specimens, cylindrical specimens, with the layers oriented longitudinally and transversely to the cylinder's axis, were cut out of the hybrid plate. High-strain rate testing was performed using an instrumented split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) to determine the dynamic mechanical response of the specimens. Statistical analyses of the results using generalised additive models (GAM) showed that layer orientation with respect to the direction of impact significantly affects the hybrid specimens' impact strength and absorbed energy. The longitudinally oriented specimens demonstrated superior impact strength across all tested impact momenta. However, the transversely oriented specimens showed higher absorbed energy up to an impact momentum of 32.8 kg ms −1 . The Al 0.5 CoCrFeNi 1.5 layer contributed significantly to energy absorption, strain hardening, and the inhibition of ASB propagation in the hybrid specimens.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".