HOT3/eIF5B1 confers Kozak motif-dependent translational control of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes for chloroplast biogenesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Photosynthesis requires chloroplasts, in which most proteins are nucleus-encoded and produced via cytoplasmic translation. The translation initiation factor eIF5B gates the transition from initiation (I) to elongation (E), and the Kozak motif is associated with translation efficiency, but their relationship is previously unknown. Here, with ribosome profiling, we determined the genome-wide I-E transition efficiencies. We discovered that the most prevalent Kozak motif is associated with high I-E transition efficiency in Arabidopsis, rice, and wheat, thus implicating the potential of the Kozak motif in facilitating the I-E transition. Indeed, the effects of Kozak motifs in promoting translation depend on HOT3/eIF5B1 in Arabidopsis. HOT3 preferentially promotes the translation of photosynthesis-associated nuclear genes in a Kozak motif-dependent manner, which explains the chloroplast defects and reduced photosynthesis activity of hot3 mutants. Our study linked the Kozak motif to eIF5B-mediated I-E transition during translation and uncovered the function of HOT3 in the cytoplasmic translational control of chloroplast biogenesis and photosynthesis. Cytoplasmic mRNA translation contributes to the production of most chloroplast proteins. Here, the authors revealed that an interplay between Kozak motifs and HOT3/eIF5B1 controls the translation of nucleus-encoded chloroplast proteins.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".