Molecular identification of Linognathus spp. lice infesting sheep and goats in Mosul city, Iraq
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lice infestation is prevalent worldwide and it is one of the most significant veterinary parasitic diseases. This study was applied from August to December, 2022, a total of 25 sheep lice and 25 goat lice were collected. The study based on microscopic and molecular identification by traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and sequencing to confirm the Linognathus species infesting sheep and goats reared together. Microscopically, the morphological results identified the species infesting sheep and goats were sucking lice belonging to the genus Linognathus spp. The morphological characteristics of the adult lice were somehow identical for the same genus and was difficult to identify species, thus using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene sequencing on five samples of sheep and goats, the results confirmed that the species are belonging to Linognathus africanus by amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene with reaction product of 379 bp that were isolated from the city of Mosul, with the accession numbers 598894PP, PP598895, PP598896, PP598897 and PP598898, genetic tree results revealed similarities with results of other countries recorded in the Global Genbank, 100% with Hungary, 99.44% Mexico, China and the United Kingdom while 99.17% in Mexico, but had a significant distance other strains for different species recorded in the United Kingdom, China, Canada and Australia with percentages 77.81%, 77.78%, 77.5% and 76.94 respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".